Loperamide has been shown to be effective in slowing down the movement of the gut, decreasing the number of bowel movements, and makes the stool less watery, but side effects of nausea, cramping, and constipation have been reported. Although the conventional modalities of treatments produce favorable outcomes, there have been reported side effects. Medications may consist of anticholinergics, stool softeners, and laxatives such as dicyclomine for abdominal cramps, lubiprostone for IBS-C, and loperamide for IBS-D. Conventional management of IBS primarily involves dietary modifications, medications, and psychotherapy. This leads to the development of different diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (source of various images: stress, brain, stomach/intestines, GERD, holding the stomach, ).Ĭonventional Management of IBS and Its Limitations. Exposure to stress affects autonomic nervous system, causing an imbalance that results in the disturbance of brain-gut axis (BGA). Stress-induced pathophysiological consequences of the disruption of brain-gut axis.
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Role of stress in the exacerbation/development of stress. Thus, it appears that IBS is a manifestation of “derailing of the brain-gut axis”. Diagnosis of IBS also includes identifying key stressors/triggers such as emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and psychological distress including anxiety and depression. Symptoms of IBS seem to worsen during periods of stressful events, as illustrated in Figure 1. Evidence supports an important role of stress in IBS patients, particularly in altering brain-gut interactions, resulting in development or exacerbation of IBS. A systematic review found that IBS occurs in 51% of chronic fatigue syndrome patients and 49% of fibromyalgia patients. Headache, fibromyalgia, and depression were commonly found in a study of about 100,000 individuals with IBS. observed a strong association of psychiatric disorders in 94% of IBS patients pointing to the role of psychological factors in the etiology of IBS. IBS is called a functional disorder because no structural, biochemical, or infectious etiology has been found and is a disorder of motor and sensory functions of the GI tract. In this review, we have made an attempt to compare the viewpoint of ancient Indian scriptural understanding of IBS with that of mind-gut model of conventional medical science that offers a strong basis to combine Yoga as a vital therapeutic modality in the holistic approach to the management of IBS.Ĭomorbidities of IBS.
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The aggregate cost, direct and indirect, of treating IBS in the United States has been estimated at $21 billion or more annually, excluding prescription and over the counter drug costs. IBS has a significant impact on health care use and costs, which is heightened due to the imprecise nature of its diagnosis and treatment.
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It is suspected that the changing hormones in the female menstrual cycle may be a reason for this disparity. More women suffer from this disorder with an incidence ratio of 2 : 1 between females and males. It can affect people of all ages but is more likely to occur between 20 and 45 years of age. IBS is the most common disorder diagnosed by gastroenterologists and accounts for up to 12% of total visits to primary care providers. The prevalence varies according to country and age, with worldwide prevalence rates ranging from 9 to 23% and in USA from 10 to 15%. IBS is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder in the world. It can be classified as either diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D), constipation-predominant (IBS-C), or IBS with alternating stool pattern (IBS-M (mixed)). Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined as “abdominal pain or discomfort that occurs in association with altered bowel habits over a period of at least three months, in the absence of any detectable organic cause”.
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Based on these perspectives, a plausible Yoga module as a remedial therapy is provided to better manage the primary and secondary symptoms of IBS. An analogy between the age old, the most profound concept of Adhi-Vyadhi, and modern scientific stress-induced dysregulation of brain-gut axis, as it relates to IBS that could pave way for impacting IBS, is emphasized. In this review, we examined the basic principles of Pancha Kosha (five sheaths of human existence) concept from an Indian scripture Taittiriya Upanishad and the pathophysiology of a disease from the Yoga approach, Yoga Vasistha’s Adhi (originated from mind) and Vyadhi (ailment/disease) concept. IBS is often associated with a host of secondary comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, headaches, and fatigue. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of symptoms manifesting as a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder in which patients experience abdominal pain, discomfort, and bloating that is often relieved with defecation.